Viral infection and its impact on fertility, medically assisted reproduction and early pregnancy – a narrative review

Table 1 Virological tests in donors of reproductive cells

Virus	Type of test	Test frequency	Minimum grace period
HIV	HIV Ag/Ab i/lub HIV RNA PCR	Semen - before donation (serology) Oocytes − 2 months before donation (serology) + before stimulation (serology + PCR)	Semen: serology + NAT -> 3 months serology -> 6 months after donation or after fertilization Egg cells - Cycle with freezing: Serology + NAT -> 3 months, Serology -> 6 months from freezing Fresh cycle: withdrawal can be waived if serological + NAT tests have been performed
HBV	HBc Ab + HBs Ag i/lub HBV DNA PCR
HCV	HCV Ab lub HCVAg/Ab i/lub HCV RNA PCR
HTLV	HTLV-1 i 2 - Ab

HIV Ag / Ab - qualitative test, detects the HIV p24 protein (antigen) and antibodies against the M and O proteins of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope.
HBc Ab - testing of IgM and IgG antibodies against the core antigen (c) HBV.
HBs Ag - qualitative test detects HBV surface protein (s).
HCV Ab - qualitative test detects IgG against 4 different virion antigens.
HCV Ag - detects the presence of the core (c) antigen of the virus, difficult to obtain in routine diagnostics in Poland.
HTLV-1 and 2 - Ab - detects the presence of anti-HTLV antibodies.

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