Fig. 2

The method of operation according to the different types of CSP (%). The CSP cases were categorized based on two distinct classification methodologies. An examination was conducted to assess the variances in treatment approaches employed across these classification methods. (A) the quantification and proportion of cases falling under each treatment scheme within different classification methods; (B) the classification of patients with CSP according to the system proposed by Vial Y, with the accompanying bar chart illustrating the proportion of patients treated using various surgical methods; (C) a bar chart depicting the percentage of cases within different groups based on the clinical recommendations put forth by Chinese scholars