Figure 2

Time dependent action of GnRH (leuprolide acetate) on Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 protein expression in HES and ESC. Serum-starved cells were treated with GnRH (0.1 μM) for 18, 24 and 36 hrs and cell lysates were prepared from treated and untreated control (Ctrl) and analyzed by immunoblotting for Smads and β-actin as loading control, all shown from a representative experiment. Bar graphs show the mean ± SEM of fold change in Smads expression from three independent experiments. The denote d, b' and d' (Smad3), d, b', and c' (Smad4) and b, d, b' and c' (Smad7) are significantly different from a and a', respectively (p < 0.05).