Figure 4
Transactivation of retinoid-responsive reporter gene pAAVMCS-pGL3-βRARE-Luc (blue bars) versus pAAVMCS-pGL3-Luc (red bars) by endogenous retinoid receptors in bovine cumulus-granulosa cells. The Y axis represents luciferase activity in luminescence units (LU) per microgram total protein following treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) (0.5 or 1 μM), all-trans retinol (ROH) (5 or 10 μM) and alcohol vehicle control. Each sample was accordingly normalized and means ± SEs were evaluated for LU/μg of total protein. Within each treatment (ligand concentration) means with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05). The assay was carried out in triplicate wells for each treatment and performed twice.